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| mdma_ecstasy [2026/02/25 19:03] – created kaylatrudel11 | mdma_ecstasy [2026/02/26 12:12] (current) – created georginatorode8 |
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| While individual tablet weight cannot be a direct predictor of how much MDMA is present in each tablet, at population level this trend is consistent when comparing larger ecstasy tablets (almost always containing more MDMA) with smaller tablets (almost always containing less MDMA). This means that consumers buying ecstasy tablets in Europe in 2019 would obtain a product containing up to almost double the highest amount of MDMA recorded in ecstasy tablets in 2011. In Australia, in January 2024, potent opioids of the nitazene family were found in brightly coloured tablets with logos reminiscent of ecstasy tablets. In tablets, adulterants typically include stimulants and MDMA-type substances – other phenethylamines with comparable subjective effects, such as MDA (3). Caffeine is the adulterant most commonly found in ecstasy tablets as well as in MDMA powders and crystals. Adulteration appears to be more frequent in ecstasy tablets than in MDMA crystals. | Fun, arcade-style game to educate students about drug effects and potential harms. Short introduction to the effects of cannabis, LSD, cocaine, MDMA/ecstasy, and heroin. The increasing use of the darknet to buy MDMA (and other drugs), and the embrace of harm reduction services such as drug safety checking, are clear indicators of thi |
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| Key neurotransmitters affected by MDMA include serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. MDMA influences the activity of neurotransmitters—chemical messengers responsible for transmitting signals in the brain. Primarily, it depends on the individual’s metabolism, the amount of MDMA taken, frequency of use, and the user’s overall health. These metabolites are chemicals produced as the body processes MDMA, which linger in the system, offering a window into recent drug use. For MDMA, this involves identifying traces of the drug’s metabolite | A study conducted by 10 drug-checking organisations from the TEDI network found that the increase in MDMA content in tablets in this time period was directly related to an increase in the average weight of ecstasy tablets (Vrolijk et al., 2022). The average content of MDMA in ecstasy tablets appears to be on a slight downward trend from 2019, after close to a decade of increasingly stronger (and larger) tablets becoming available on the market. On occasion, neurotoxic compounds such as PMMA (5) are detected mixed with, or as a replacement for, MDMA in ecstasy tablets. From 2019 onwards a new cycle appears to have begun, whereby the number of ecstasy tablets containing other substances alongside, or instead of, MDMA has increased (as expressed by a drop in percentage in the indexed trends shown above from 96 % in 2019 to 73 % in 2022). Crystal MDMA was marketed as a purer product compared to ecstasy tablets, an assertion that was and remains largely true (see Section The trend of large tablets containing more MDMA may be reversing). One way to observe these cycles is to monitor rates of adulteration, as expressed by the percentage of tested samples of seized ecstasy tablets that contain MDMA and no other click to investigate scheduled substances. |
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| | (1) The European Web Survey on Drugs (EWSD) is a voluntary, anonymous survey run by the EUDA and its partners targeting directly people who use drugs who are 18 years old or older, and are living in one of the participating countries. When using wastewater data to estimate MDMA markets, the use of MDMA is based on the excreted parent drug, rather than on an excreted metabolite (which is the case for some other drugs, such as cocaine and heroin). While a slight decrease in price was observed in 2022 for ecstasy tablets, this may not be statistically significant or sustained in the coming years. In fact, it could be argued that MDMA in the form of ecstasy tablets became cheaper between 2012 and 2019 as tablets containing larger quantities of MDMA became increasingly available on the market (see Section The trend of large tablets containing more MDMA may be reversing). |
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| The effect appeared to have been short-lived, and by the end of 2020 the price returned to pre-pandemic values (NPNL, buy ecstasy 2022). Some of the price disparity may be attributed to local factors, including distance to the producing centres (Netherlands and Belgium), but statistical artefacts (e.g. small sample sizes) may also be a factor. Individual factors and sex affect this dose, with women considered to be more susceptible to the 5-HT-releasing effects of MDMA (Liechti et al., 2001). This is consistent with law enforcement information that suggests the MDMA market in Europe is supplied by the same pool of producers, mostly based in the Netherlands and Belgium. It should be noted that this trend was observed across several countries in Europe. | 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine or more commonly known as Ecstasy (E), it is a psychoactive drug. For over 200 years we have designed and delivered services that build resilience and aspiration in people and communities. Together, we tackle the pressing issues in public services. Catch22 [[https://royalmedspharma.com/product/ecstasy-pills-for-sale/|click to investigate]] designs and delivers services that build resilience and aspiration in people of all ages and within communities across the UK. |
| | Ecstasy adulteration is responsive to market pressures |
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| Curriculum-based program featuring engaging cartoons to prevent harm from cannabis, MDMA/ecstasy & methamphetamine "Ice" For example, two pills that look the same may have very different effects as they can have different ingredients. In Australia, MDMA/Ecstasy are also known as E, pills, caps, pingers, M&M, doopa, love drug, disco biscuits, XTC, X, eccy, ekky, or molly. Our services provide targeted, age-appropriate substance misuse services for young people, that put the young person at the centre of treatment. | However, these data are not generalisable either, and as such should be interpreted with caution. These products typically contain MDMA hydrochloride (see Box Forms of MDMA present on the European market). |
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| It typically appears on drug tests as MDMA or sometimes under its street names, Ecstasy or Molly. MDMA stands for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, a synthetic drug known for its stimulant and psychedelic properties. Neurologically speaking, Ecstasy tickles all the right spots of your brain. Despite being the world’s most popular entactogen, MDMA remains a Schedule I drug under the DEA’s classification due to its high potential for abuse and lack of recognized medical use. Always consult a health care professional before making a decision about your medication or treatment. | According to 2021 data, tablets and powders/crystals share the EU MDMA market equally, with some variability among countries in terms of preference for either ecstasy tablets or MDMA powders/crystals click to investigate (see Figure 6.1. Distribution of usual MDMA forms across countries). Analysis of drugs sold as MDMA/ecstasy in Australia shows that these contain a wide range of substances, and some contain no MDMA at all. Vendors in the Netherlands appear to be developing a fairly successful international trade of ecstasy-type drugs and stimulants from cryptomarkets, but it appears that most countries are selling illicit drugs within domestic borders. Three quarters of all Dutch revenues from illicit drugs sold on cryptomarkets were from two drug categories — ecstasy-type drugs and stimulants. In the Netherlands, in 2022, the price of 1 kilogram of (locally produced) MDMA crystals was reported at EUR 2 300, whereas 1 litre of MDMA oil (which can be converted into crystals or powder, and subsequently ecstasy tablets) was reported at EUR per litr |
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| | Based on reporting from drug-checking clients, the majority of samples were reported as being obtained from a supplier (either a trusted supplier or a random street supplier) and a smaller proportion (close to 5 %) as bought on the internet (surface web or darknet |
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| Tuci or tucibi (also spelled tusi and [[https://royalmedspharma.com/the-impact-of-mdma-on-mind-perform-a-scientific-analysis/|buy ecstasy]] tusibi) are phonetic transliterations of ‘2C’ (a series of psychoactive phenethylamines) or ‘2C-B’ (one of the most well-known derivatives of that series of substances). The detection of mixtures of MDMA and ketamine combined with other substances including cocaine have also increased in some regions of Europe, and are sold as ‘pink cocaine’, ‘tuci’ or ‘tucibi’ (see Box 6.3. What is tucibi?). These signals were reported to the EU Early Warning System from 2022 onwards, based on identifications occurring in Spain, the Netherlands and Austria, and there are similar indications for the United Kingdom (Pascoe et al., 2022). Interestingly, synthesis by-products were also commonly reported, about which little is known and which may pose additional risks to consumers. A number of substances can also be sold as MDMA, in what is sometimes called mis-selling or adulteration by substitution – whereby another substance is passed off as MDMA to the consumer. | Where prevalence is higher, it may suggest that MDMA is no longer a niche or subcultural drug limited to dance clubs and parties in those markets. According to survey data, the two largest MDMA consumer markets per capita in the European Union are the Netherlands and Ireland, with 6 % or more click to investigate people aged 15 to 34 reporting to have consumed MDMA in the last year. Some of the high-strength ecstasy tablets are scored to allow consumers to divide them into smaller portions. |
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| (a) In clinical trials, doses of MDMA capable of producing subjective effects vary from 1.5 to 1.7 mg/kg of body weight, or approximately 105 to 119 milligrams for a 70-kilogram individual. Some tablets even contain stamping that indicate the quantity of MDMA present, although this is not always accurate and may also constitute a health risk. For example, in August 2023, tablets containing 350 milligrams of MDMA were seized in Spain. Meanwhile, data from drug-checking services suggest that approximately 85 % of the powders tested in 2023 contained between 80 and 100 % MDMA (81 % in 2022). Data reported to drug-checking services are generally in agreement with these trend | |
